Transit desert

[3] The lack of transportation options present in transit deserts may have negative effects of people’s health, job prospects, and economic mobility.

[4][5][6][7] The term 'desert' has been variously applied to areas that lack key services like banks, food access, or even books.

[8][9][10] The idea of transit deserts was coined by Junfeng Jiao and Maxwell Dillivan, first appearing in print in 2013.

[1] Since that time, the concept of transit deserts has been expanded upon and competing definitions and measurement techniques have emerged.

[14] Sometimes this definition has been expanded or slightly redefined to refer areas that lack a certain type of transportation such as "subway deserts".

Access to jobs by public transit in Toronto in 2016; note that the map does not include the extension of the western leg of Line 1 Yonge–University to the suburban municipality of Vaughan to the north-northwest, which opened in late 2017