The treaty was drafted between 27 and 29 November 1920, during the peace negotiations between Lithuania and Poland led by the League of Nations.

Following this, the eastern part of the country was separated, forming Republic of Central Lithuania, a puppet state of Poland.

By 21 November 1920, Central Lithuanian forced got to the line of the Nevėžis river near Kėdainiai, 50 km (31 miles) from Kaunas.

Michel Kossakowski, representative of the Polish government in with the Military Commission of Control of the League of Nations had signed the treaty on the behalf of Poland.

[1] Following the singing of the treaty, both sides stopped fighting the next day on 30 November and exchanged the prisoners of war.