Trial of the 149 (Estonian: 149 protsess) is the name given to the legal proceedings against 149 communists in Estonia that lasted from 10 to 27 November 1924.
During the 1920s, Estonia was a politically stable country with a mainly agrarian economy, the industrial base was relatively small and the peasantry were largely satisfied with the government's land redistribution policies of 1919–1920, thus there was little sympathy for the communists.
The names of people present were recorded and the chairmen of the meeting – Hendrik Allik, Paul Keerdo and Jaan Tomp – were arrested.
The 39 defendants sentenced to forced labour for life were: Hendrik Allik, Aleksander Jaanson, Vladimir Kangur, Paul Keerdo, August Hansen, Madis Kask, Johannes Kuppar, Peeter Petree, Jaan Kamberg, Aleksander Reinson, Johannes Suuster, Joosep Saat, Herman Arbon, Karl Tuisk, Elfriede Morgenson, Rosalie Veltson, Leena Laid, Aliide Sommerling, Wilhelmine Kruul, Olga Künnapuu, Oskar Sepre, Voldemar Sassi, Peeter Mihelson, August Kuhlberg, Jakob Saar, Arnold Veimer, Georg Abels, Wladimir Rea, Jüri Vilt, Peeter Jentson, Johannes Oinas, Johannes Roots, Paul Krams, Karl Kuusk, Karl Pauk, Andrei Murro, Voldemar Jurjev, Johannes Jaama, and Adolf Pauk.
The 28 defendants (including seven children) sentenced to 15 years of forced labour were: Aleksander Resev, Richard Busch, Leontine Vels, Elmar Bauer, Alfred Valdsak, Johan Leesment, Heinrich Kallas, Johannes Leimann, Eduard Vei, August Mäemat, Elise Priks, Jakob Tsõgankov, Gustav Lange, Hans Tiruson, Jaan Tagel, Boris Kumm, Anton Leerimaa, Feliks Tipman, Ludmilla Uusmann/Ausmann, Aleksander Rimmel, Eduard Luts, Ernst Heidemann, Adolf Silmer, Johannes Oravas, Bernhard Tinnori, Voldemar Hannibal, Alide Silberg/Silber and Eduard Jaama.
After many Estonian communists including the entire Central Committee of the Communist Party of Estonia were killed during the Great Purge, having earlier fled to the Soviet Union after the failed 1924 Estonian coup d'état attempt, and Comintern was no longer funding and instructing the local party, the Estonian state released the convicted communists still in prison in 1938.