Gas meter
Temperature, pressure, and heating value compensation must be made to measure actual amount and value of gas moving through a meter.
This shaft can drive an odometer-like counter mechanism or it can produce electrical pulses for a flow computer.
Within the meter, two figure "8" shaped lobes, the rotors (also known as impellers or pistons), spin in precise alignment.
The most elaborate types of ultrasonic flow meters average speed of sound over multiple paths in the pipe.
The meter creates a 'ping' with the transducer and measures the time elapsed before the sensor receives the sonic pulse.
The meter then compares the difference between the upstream and downstream speeds to calculate the velocity of gas flow.
Ultrasonic meters are high-cost and work best with no liquids present at all in the measured gas, so they are primarily used in high-flow, high-pressure applications such as utility pipeline meter stations, where the gas is always dry and lean, and where small proportional inaccuracies are intolerable due to the large amount of money at stake.
A coriolis meter is usually one or more pipes with longitudinally or axially displaced section(s) that are excited to vibrate at resonant frequency.
This effect implies a relationship between the phase difference in the vibration of the upstream and downstream sections and the mass flow rate of the fluid contained by the pipe.
11 provides guidelines for obtaining good results when measuring natural gas with a coriolis meter.
These sensors operate by introducing a small amount of heat into the gas stream and measuring the temperature change downstream.
[2] Thermal flow sensors are particularly advantageous for gas meters due to their: Minimal Maintenance: No moving parts reduce wear and tear, leading to long-term reliability.
These sensors are commonly paired with temperature and pressure compensation systems to account for variations in gas properties, ensuring accurate measurement across varying environmental conditions.
Thermal sensors are also integral to advanced smart meters, enabling real-time data transmission and analytics for utilities and end-users.
Any significant error in the registered volume can represent a loss to the gas supplier, or the consumer being overbilled.
In the UK, the permitted error for a gas meter manufactured prior to the European Measuring Instruments Directive[3] is ±2%.
Smart water meters are integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) platforms, allowing for more efficient gas management and improved customer engagement.
These protocols enable seamless integration of meters into broader utility and Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems.
It provides a flexible and standardized framework for data exchange between metering devices and utility systems.
These protocols focus on low-bandwidth, high-efficiency communication, ensuring reliable data exchange in diverse environments.
[7][8] The adoption of these RF technologies and protocols enables seamless integration of smart water meters into utility systems, offering several advantages: Turbine, rotary, and diaphragm meters can be compensated using a calculation specified in American Gas Association Report No.
The gas meter is connected to customer piping through a swivel and nut, which has a dedicated set of thread sizes.
[9] Threads are helical structures used on screws, bolts, pipes, and other fasteners to facilitate the joining of components.
