Typhoon Gilda (1974)

Another trough pulled Gilda poleward while changing less in intensity, until it intensified to a Category 2 typhoon as it battered the Ryukyu Islands at its peak.

Colder waters in the Sea of Japan and high shear further degraded Gilda, until it transitioned to an extratropical low as it made landfall near Hokkaido on July 9.

The remnants of the system briefly intensified near the Kuril Islands before weakening and dissipating on July 17 over the Sea of Okhotsk.

Gilda was responsible for over 145 fatalities and a missing person as it affected South Korea and the Japanese archipelago, including the Nansei Islands.

[1][2] The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) also started to monitor the system at this time, analysing it with a pressure of 1006 mBar in their first bulletin.

[3] Based on a ship that reported gale-force winds near its center, the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical storm at this time, with the agency naming it Gilda.

[2][3] Early the next day, a Japanese vessel named Shinkyoyu Maru passed near the typhoon, recording a pressure of 988 mBar and winds of over 45 knots.

[3] Shortly after peaking, the typhoon slowly weakened to a Category 1 due to increasing wind shear and unfavorable sea surface temperatures on the next day.

[3] A mid-atmospheric subtropical ridge curved the system to the north-northeast and while nearing South Korea, Gilda weakened to a tropical storm and accelerated, due to an upper-level southwesterly flow over Manchuria.

[3][2] In post-tropical analysis, Gilda remained a tropical depression as it made landfall through Hokkaido on the next day before becoming fully extratropical as it moved offshore in the Pacific Ocean on July 9.

[2][3][4] The extratropical remnants of Gilda briefly strengthened while nearing the Kuril Islands and it started to undergo a loop before entering the Sea of Okhotsk.

[2] Records compiled by the Japan Meteorological Agency shows that Gilda killed 145 individuals throughout its journey and the images it caused were estimated at $1.02 billion (1974 USD).

Due to limited coverage about the whereabouts of the typhoon, the exact numbers of deaths were unknown, but it is estimated that Gilda killed 138 individuals in that country.

[17] In the prefecture, Chita Peninsula and the eastern portion of Mikawa caused some widespread inundation damages due to the Yadagawa and Toyo River, which overflowed that day.

[20] The Mito River's left embankment was destroyed by strong currents, flooding wards, and establishments near the area.

[23] In the towns of Hosoe-cho and Inasa-gun (now Hamana-ku), still in the prefecture, the authorities recorded a fatality, five injuries, 57 affected households, and 681 flooded wards.

[43] In all parts of the city, multiple portions of cliffs broke and fell down the road and streets, killing 13 in a family and another 4 to be feared dead, as they were trapped in a house.

[44] The Tsurumi River overflowed, first submerging homes in Kanagawa Prefecture before reaching Tokyo, flooding an unknown number of houses.

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone , remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression
Villages were buried in mud due to a landslide in Shōdoshima Island .