1949 Pacific typhoon season

[1][2] In July, tropical storm Irma killed 1,600 people and destroyed more than 63,000 houses in Shanghai, China, the worst typhoon on record in the city.

From reconnaissance reports the maximum sustained winds were near 110 knots 12 hours prior to landfall, but had fallen to minimum typhoon strength by the time it reached Honshū.

The death toll reached 123 due to rainfall induced flooding and landslides (NY Times, 9/3/1949), and caused about 15 billion yen in damages.

The eventual track was substantiated by data at Guam and Yap with intensification evident near 15 N and 127 E, seven days after the easterly wave passage at Truk.

Contrary to climatological data, Della pursued a path across Kyishi rather than the conventional movement along the polar trough to the south of Japan.

Della moved into the Sea of Japan and became extratropical four days after it was detected as a typhoon [6] Elaine developed from an ill-defined easterly wave that passed south of Guam.

As Elaine passed Yap, a surge of the monsoon winds to the south of the Inter-tropical trough intensified the wave and a weak circulation developed.

[7] Faye was one of two storms that had its origin in the upper air, between 25 and 40 thousand feet, and gradually descended to the surface over the western edge of the Pacific high cell(indications of Kwajalein's upper winds verified the presence of an upper air low, and five days later its nearness to Iwo Jima was reflected on the surface) Faye, a moderate storm moved near and to the south of Iwo Jima and recurved around the Pacific high cell, 500 miles to the west of Iwo Jima.

[7] Gloria, one of the most intense and destructive typhoons of the 1949 season, formed from a vortex associated with an easterly wave which was intensified by a southwesterly monsoon surge after passing south or Guam.

Irma originated in the South China Sea and intensified into a weak storm for reasons that are only supposition due to a lack of data in that area.

Post analysis indicates that only one cell was present and its path was slightly to the east of Okinawa with inverse recurvature over western Kyushu [11] Kitty originated from an easterly wave that passed Kwajalein and intensified near 23 N and 154 E. It is believed that intensification was the result of a westerly trough that moved to the north of the storm prior to its detection.

Kitty cut a wide swathe of destruction in the Tokyo area than any storm during the 1949 season; gusts of up to 75 knots were reported along with torrential rains.

[13] Madeline was the second of two storms during the season that originated in the upper air and surfaced over the western edge of the Pacific high cel.

Reconnaissance established Nelly as a typhoon 250 miles south of Okinawa, after three previous missions over a period of five days had failed to find winds in excess of 45 knots.

Moving northwest-ward, Omelia passed between Luzon and Taiwan striking the China coast on 4 October 180 miles northeast of Hong Kong.

[14] On 17 October, surface ship reports from the Truk area gave the first indication of the tropical disturbance later named Patricia.

The torrential rains and a wind shift indicative of a vortex induced the Kwajalein forecaster to release a tropical advisory (TROPAD) alerting the Typhoon Warning Network.

Allyn continued along a west northwesterly track apparently headed for Okinawa; however, recurvature occurred, and the typhoon passed south of Japan, lashing Torishima with 80 knot winds before extratropical transition and setting course for the Aleutian low.

[16] Tropical Cyclone Betty, a small but reportedly intense storm developed in the Yap-Palau area December 2 and 3 then moved west northwestward through the South Central Philippine Islands at an average speed of 12 knots.

[17] Camilla, the final significant storm of the 1949 typhoon season was the ninth tropical cyclone to intensify in the Yap-Palau area.

Here, Camilla departed from the climatological tracks curving northward across northern Luzon, weakening while crossing the mountainous area.