He was a graduate of Tokyo Imperial University and subsequently worked as a research scientist at Riken.

In 1901, he studied Peptide synthesis at the Humboldt University of Berlin under Emil Fischer.

He returned to Japan in 1906, and accepted a post as professor of agricultural chemistry at Tokyo Imperial University in 1907.

In 1910, Suzuki succeeded in extracting a water-soluble complex of micronutrients from rice bran and named it aberic acid, and which had the effect of curing patients of beriberi.

On April 18, 1985, the Japan Patent Office selected him as one of Ten Japanese Great Inventors.