Urbania borders the following municipalities: Acqualagna, Apecchio, Cagli, Fermignano, Peglio, Piobbico, Sant'Angelo in Vado, Urbino.
In 1277 it was destroyed by the Ghibellines, then rebuilt by the Provençal Guillaume Durand in 1284 and christened Castel Durante.
The last della Rovere duke, Francesco Maria II, is buried in the Ducal Palace of Urbania.
After World War II Urbania received the Bronze Medal for Military Valour for the deeds of its citizens during the partisan warfare.
The base of the Chattian international stratigraphical stage is located in Urbania and is marked by a GSSP and commemorative sign which were installed there in May 2017.