Energy in India

The energy intensity of agriculture is seven times less than industries in 2022-23 (see Table 8.9[5]) @ Includes electricity generated from fossil fuels.

India: Total primary energy use of 753.7 Mtoe (excluding traditional biomass use) in the calendar year 2017[7] 2012R = CO2 calculation criteria changed, numbers updated In 2023, India was both the second largest producer of coal and second largest consumer of coal, although for both statistics having less than a fourth of that of leading China.

[7] Nearly 80% of total electricity generated (utility and captive) in India is from coal and it is the main source of the nation's greenhouse gas emissions.

[19] India has 49.72 lakh (4.972 million) barrels per day (5.1% of the world) crude oil refining capacity which is ranked 4th globally in 2017.

[7] Nearly 1 crore (10.937 million) tons Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) was consumed during April to September 2019 (six months) in the domestic sector mainly for cooking.

[20] The number of domestic connections are 274 million (one connection for five people) with a circulation of more than 40 crore (400 million) LPG cylinders whose net aggregate length would form a 2,00,000 km long pipe line which is more than the length of total railway track laid in India.

[24][25] Biomass is a renewable energy source and its use as feedstock to produce biofuels or organic chemicals is mostly carbon-neutral fuel.

Nearly 75 crores (750 million) tons of nonedible (by cattle) biomass is available annually in India which can be put to use for higher value addition without CO2 emissions.

Raw biomass is not suitable for use in the pulverised coal mills as they are difficult to grind into fine powder due to caking problem.

[31] Torrefied biomass plants can be integrated with existing pulverised coal-fired power stations using the available hot flue gas as heat source.

Cofiring dry biomass up to 20% heat input with coal is also possible directly in pulverised coal-fired power stations without facing caking problem.

[19] India had set a target of 175 gigawatts (GW) of renewable energy (excluding large hydro) capacity by 2022.