[2] Despite positive results at the preclinical stage, vadimezan failed in human clinical trials.

In March 2010, the phase III trial of use as a first line therapy for NSCLC gave poor results.

[8] Interim results on another phase III trial as second-line therapy for NSCLC were completed in 2011.

[7][10] In 2020 CRM Therapeutics, a Dutch drug-development company, initiated research for re-developing Vadimezan in combination with its proprietary targeted delivery platform.

Since January 2021, Vadimezan is a registered trademark of CRM Therapeutics B.V., Rotterdam.