Layers of sponges and bryozoans cover the upper parts of the seamount and form structures like mounds.

[10] The summit area of the seamount is flat, probably due to wave erosion during the Weichselian glaciation, and sediment cover is scarce.

[22] Volcanic rocks dredged from Vesteris include basanite as the major component, benmoreite, phonotephrite and tephrite but also alkali basalt, mugearite and trachybasalt.

Samples taken are porphyritic, rich in vesicles[23][24] and contain phenocrysts of amphibole, clinopyroxene, kaersutite, olivine and plagioclase; these minerals also make up the groundmass of the rocks.

[7][25] These volcanic rocks define two separate geochemical suites, one formed by the basanites-tephrites and the other by the alkali basalts-mugearites.

[30] Differences between volcanic rocks erupted earlier in the history of the volcano and more recent products may imply that magma chemistry changed over time.

[31] Aside from primary volcanic rocks, drop stones carried to the seamount by icebergs have been found on Vesteris as well.

[44] During the last ice age when the summit of Vesteris Seamount was close to the sea surface, phreatomagmatic eruptions generated ash falls.

[55] Actinians, ascidians, brittle stars, bryozoans, crustaceans, hydrozoans, molluscs, polychaetes, radiolarians, sea urchins, serpulids and starfish are also found,[56][52][57][58][59] as well as foraminiferal sands.

[62] Life on Vesteris has formed a variety of structures, including hedges, mats, mounds, spurs and thickets,[63] and a dense layer of biogenic sediments and living specimens covers large areas of the upper Vesteris Seamount.

[67] Sediment cores from Vesteris Seamount have been used to reconstruct climatic and oceanic conditions of the North Atlantic after the last glacial maximum.