Vetulicola rectangulata (meaning "rectangular ancient dweller") is a species of extinct animal from the Early Cambrian of the Chengjiang biota of China.

[1][2] The fossils were discovered from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang deposits in Kunming region, Yunnan, China.

The anterior part is oval to rectangular in shape,[3] enclosed by a carapace-like structure of four rigid cuticular plates fused together, with a small mouth at the front end: there is a keel-like extension of the body wall on the top and belly.

Sediment found within the gut suggest that it was a deposit-feeder, possibly swimming to and from favorable feeding sites.

[7] At least one specimen has an individual of the putative entoproct, Cotyledion tyloides[8] attached to the terminal segment of the tail.