Vexillum rugosum, common name the rough mitre, is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Costellariidae, the ribbed miters.

The whorls are depressed at the upper part, contracted in the middle, strongly latticed with rough nodules longitudinal and transverse ridges.

The base of the shell is slightly contracted in the middle, the anterior half marked by the continuation of the axial ribs, and twelve incised spiral lines which equal those on the spire in strength, but are not as regular in spacing.

The anterior half of the base is marked by a strong keel in its middle, the prominent portion of which is almost parallel to the third columellar fold.

The inner lip is reflected and appressed to the base, forming a narrow umbilical chink at the extreme anterior end, provided with four strong oblique folds, of which the posterior is the strongest, while the other three decrease in size successively.