Each Hindu region and caste of India and South Asia has its share of village deities.
Furthermore, the Saiva revivalism initiated by Arumuga Navalar has enabled many high status Tamils to subsume the village deities within the Agamic pantheon.
[2][9][10] Other deities whose worship is undergoing transformation in the region are Annamar and Valliyakkan, converted into Muruga and Narayana.
[10] Nowadays, Sri Lankan Tamil religious practices, particularly in the northern part of the island, are largely influenced by South Indian Tamil Brahminical and Saiva Siddhanta orthodoxies.
As many coastal inhabitants were under Portuguese rule converted to Catholicism, were many coastal Kannaki Amman shrines converted to churches of Our Lady (a title of Mary, mother of Jesus).