It is a highly sensitive ecosystem, which is used as a stop-over area by many migratory birds, like barnacle geese and Steller's eider, and as a breeding and nesting ground for over 247 species of birds, of which the most common is the eider duck.

One third of all protected plant species in Estonia can also be found in the national park.

The park is a popular tourist destination for both Estonians and foreign visitors, particularly from Finland.

It has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International it supports breeding and wintering populations of many species of waterfowl, as well as of common cranes on passage.

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