Her research considers clinical medicine and medical education, with a focus on the improvement of the quality of care in teaching hospitals.

[8] As well as studying the sleep of patients, Arora has investigated the impact of on-duty napping on the fatigue of mental health workers.

[15] In verbal handovers, departing physicians have the opportunity to share their clinical judgements, as well as identifying their most in-need patients.

[19] She has campaigned for an end to the gender pay gap; where men receive considerably more than women for equal work.

[20][21] In an analysis of 10,000 physician faculty members at twenty four medical schools in the United States, researchers identified that women surgeons earn $44,000 less than their male counterparts.

[20] In 2018 Arora was named the University of Chicago Associate Chief Medical Officer for the clinical learning environment.