Vladimir Mstislavovich Pentkovski (Russian: Владимир Мстиславович Пентковский; March 18, 1946, Moscow, Soviet Union – December 24, 2012, Folsom, California, United States) was a Soviet-American computer scientist, a graduate of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology and winner of the highest former Soviet Union's USSR State Prize (1987).

At the beginning of 1990s, he immigrated to the United States where he worked at Intel and led the team that developed the architecture for the Pentium III processor.

From 1970 to 1992 Pentkovski worked at the Lebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering designing the supercomputers Elbrus-1 and Elbrus-2 and leading the development of the high-level programming language El-76.

In 2010, under Pentkovski's leadership, Intel and the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT) won the contest of university proposals to launch major world-class research initiatives with the participation of prominent international scientists, conducted by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and received a grant of 150 million rubles.

Primarily, the lab iSCALARE was focused on problem-oriented, highly parallel hardware and software architectures for bioinformatics, drug design, and pharmaceuticals.