Volga (rocket stage)

It was derived from the propulsion module of the Yantar satellite, and is closely related to the retired Ikar upper stage.

Proposed during the development of the Soyuz-2.1v, Volga serves as a third stage capable of delivering payloads up to 1,400 kilograms (3,100 lb) into orbits as high as 1,500 kilometres (930 mi).

Leveraging existing satellite propulsion technology, Volga costs up to four times less than Fregat and the manufacturer says it could replace it in many Soyuz-2.1a missions.

[2] To accommodate Volga, several modifications were made to the Soyuz payload section, including to antennas, connectors, pyrotechnic devices, and foam insulation inside the fairing.

[2] Typical missions last between 60 and 120 minutes and can deploy a single or multiple payloads with the Volga providing attitude control during flight.