The first branch line of this name came into existence after a Fürstbrüderlicher Vergleich – a mutual agreement made between ducal brothers on 7 June 1617 (Julian calendar: 28 May).
The second youngest son, Frederick Achilles, was bequeathed Neuenstadt Castle and an annual endowment of 10,000 guilder.
In 1679 he married Countess Albertine Sophie Esther, the last remaining daughter from the line of the Counts of Eberstein.
Of Frederick August's brothers, Ferdinand Wilhelm had already died in 1701 so the Neuenstadt inheritance passed to Carl Rudolf in 1716.
Carl Rudolf also became regent for a short time of the main ducal line of Württemberg for the underaged Duke Karl Eugen.