It was created in early January 2006 as part of a government decentralization program that re-organized the country's local government structures.

Western Province comprises the former provinces of Cyangugu, Gisenyi, Kibuye, and a small portion of Ruhengeri.

It is divided into the districts of Karongi, Nyabihu, Rubavu, Rusizi, Ngororero, Nyamasheke, and Rutsiro.

The capital city of Western Province is Kibuye.

Religion in Western Province (2012 Census)[citation needed]