[citation needed] In the early twentieth century art became more abstract and groups such as the Bauhaus and de Stijl demanded their works were displayed on white walls; to them the background was integral to the picture, it was the frame.
[1] In Inside the White Cube: The Ideology of the Gallery Space,[3] he argued that in an easel painting the frame was the window through which one saw the world, and that required a wall for context.
O'Doherty describes the flatness of Monet as eroding the line of an edge, and sees the White Cube as redefining the picture plane.
[6] In 2003, Charles Saatchi launched an attack on the concept of the white wall gallery, calling it "antiseptic" and a "time warp ... dictated by museum fashion".
[7] Writing in 2015, art critic Jonathan Jones felt that while there was once "real shock in walking into a gallery as white and pure as a Stanley Kubrick space station", the style had since become conventional and uninspiring.