Whitewater Township covers an area of 51.76 square miles (134.1 km2).

The population density was 19.88 inhabitants per square mile (7.68/km2).

Approximately 1.46% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

The town contains the unincorporated area and historical community of Lixville.

Other bodies of water located in the township include Richardet Lake and the Whitewater River.