It is the least populous township in Clinton County, with 505 inhabitants as of the 2020 census.

Located in the northeastern part of the county, it borders the following townships: The entire township lies in the Virginia Military District.

No municipalities are located in Wilson Township, but it does contain the unincorporated community of Bloomington.

The only Wilson Township statewide, it is named for Amos Wilson, one of the earliest settlers of the county, who arrived in approximately 1796.

[4] The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.