Women in the Persian Constitutional Revolution

The Iranian women participated actively in constitutional (Persian: زنان در جنبش مشروطه) struggles.

During the first period of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution, the establishment of the right to equality and the elimination of oppression of women, were numerous.

Private associations and secret organizations, participation in demonstrations, and for constitutionalism, both armed struggle and non-violent acts were some of the activities that the women held and contributed.

But, because of their support for constitutionalism, they managed to emerge from their homes and participated in demonstrations and other behaviors that were considered non-traditional, such as the "rioting of bread".

In 1911, when it was rumored that some parliamentarians gave up themselves to the demands of the Russians, about 300 women went to the parliament with a pistol to force them to protect the country's freedom and territorial integrity.

Another recorded case illustrates that during one of the fights in Azerbaijan, a group of 20 dead constitutionalists were found and, it became clear that all of them were women.

[7] Women's associations did a lot of non-violent actions in defense of the constitution, as well as forcing Britain and Russia to leave Iran.

These associations held massive meetings about the role of women in the 1911 national movement to remove Britain and Russia from Iran.

But the women's groups’ responses were that they are dissatisfied with their own circumstances, and the culprit is the political complexity of the presence of foreign powers.

Once the attack on Sardar Asad was brought to Tehran, she stoned the roof of the house overlooking Baharestan Square, and with some of Bakhtiari's riders, engaged in the war.

The great constitutional writers like Ahmad Kasravi, Melkzadeh, Adamiat, Nezam Mafi, Mohit Mafi, Nazem al-Islam Kermani, Safa'i, Sediqeh Dowlatabadi, and Rezvani conceive in their works references to women's organizations in the revolution:[2] There is no information from these associations, since many of them had worked in secret.

Morgan Schuster also writes in the book, "The Strangling of Persia" on how he had dealt with the women constitutional associations several times.

Her father, Haj Seyyed Mirza Hadi Dolatabadi, was a well-known local and renowned clergyman who led the elderly branch of Babiyah.

The events leading up to the Constitutional Revolution opened a new chapter in the life of Yahya Dolatabadi and his younger brother Ali Mohammed.

They were among the first members of the small but influential circle of elderly believers (Azali) who included Sayyid Jamal al-Din Va'iz and Malik Al-Mutkelimin.

[13] The thoughts of Sheikh Mohammad Munshahidi Yazdi, who was said to be from the Azali believers had influenced him along with Jamal Al-Din Vaez Esfahani and Malik Al-Mutkelimin.