The township's eastern border follows the crest of Tussey Mountain.

The borough of Woodbury is located near the center of the township but is separate from it.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Woodbury Township has a total area of 23.4 square miles (60.7 km2), of which 0.023 square miles (0.06 km2), or 0.09%, is water.

[3] Portions of the Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 41 are located along the western border of the township and portions of Game Lands Number 73 are located along the eastern end of the township..[4][5][6] As of the census[8] of 2000, there were 1,198 people, 388 households, and 327 families residing in the township.

14.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.