Yamamoto Kakuma (山本 覚馬, February 25, 1828 – December 28, 1892) was a Japanese samurai of the late Edo period, who went on to become an educator and politician in the Meiji era.

He was sent to Edo at age 22, to study with Katsu Kaishū, under the direction of Sakuma Shōzan, rangaku and modern military science.

The situation in Kyoto was very unsettled, and Yamamoto fought against Chōshū Domain samurai during the Kinmon Incident on August 20, 1864.

After the start of the Boshin War of the Meiji Restoration, he did not participate in the nearby Battle of Toba–Fushimi, but remained behind with his forces in Kyoto itself to attack the fortified residence of the Satsuma Domain.

After becoming a Christian, Yamamoto worked with Joseph Hardy Neesima to found Doshisha University in Kyoto.