Yelpidifor Anempodistovich Kirillov (8 October 1883 – 27 November 1964) was a Soviet physicist, doctor of physical-mathematical sciences, the founder of the Odessa scientific school in the field of photography.

During World War II Kirillov continued his work in an evacuated university in Maykop, and then in Baýramaly.

During his time at the Institute of Physics Professor Kirilov has created the scientific school of photography and problems associated to the optical and photoelectric properties of crystals.

For the discovery and study of the fine structure of the absorption spectrum of photochemically colored silver halide awarded in 1952 the USSR State Prize.

Professor Kirillov helped the arrival in the Soviet Union in 1935 of the famous German physicist Guido Beck, who laid the foundation of theoretical physics in Odessa.