Yisrael Barzilai (Hebrew: ישראל ברזילי; 1 October 1913 – 12 June 1970) was an Israeli politician who served as a government minister during the 1950s, 1960s and early 1970s.

Born Yisrael Eisenberg in Nieszawa in the Russian Empire (today in Poland), Barzilai joined Hashomer Hatzair at the age of 11.

In Palestine he joined the HeHalutz movement, and in 1938 was elected head of the independent settlements department of Kibbutz Artzi.

[1] He was first elected to the Knesset on Mapam's list in 1955, and was appointed Minister of Health in David Ben-Gurion's government.

Following the 1969 elections (in which he also failed to win a seat) he was appointed Minister without Portfolio, serving until his death in June 1970.