[5] The Ming army, advancing from Xinghe, stopped at Minluanshu, because the Yongle Emperor held a large military parade before the Oirat Mongol envoys.

[8] At the northern shores of Kerulen, he had carved into the rocks "Eighth year of the Yongle geng yin (year), fourth month ding you (month), sixteenth day ren zi [May 19, 1410], the Emperor of the Great Ming passed here with six armies during the punitive expedition against the barbarian robbers.

[8] Arughtai, after his defeat, attempted to establish a fragile relationship with the Ming China, because he feared their military power and desired Chinese goods through trade.

[4] Late 1410, Arughtai sent tribute horses to the Ming imperial court and received trading privileges.

An inscription composed by the emperor:Hanghai is the hilt,Heaven and Earth is the edge.A single sweep of the northern horsemen's dust,Forever clears the steppe.

[10] The Yongle Emperor denied the Oirat chieftain Mahmud's request for the bestowal of rewards to his followers who had fought against Bunyashiri and Arughtai.

[10] In 1413, feeling threatened, Mahmud dispatched 30,000 Mongol troops to Kerulen River against Ming China.

[5] On 6 April 1414, the Yongle Emperor departed from Beijing to lead a military campaign against the Oirat Mongols.

[8] The Ming army advanced via Xinghe to Kerulen, to meet the Oirats in battle at the upper Tula River.

[8] The battle between the Ming army and Oirats ensued between the upper courses of the Tula and Kerulen rivers.

[10][8] Even though Mahmud sought out reconciliation with Ming China, the Yongle Emperor looked to the thought with much suspicion.

[10] The Ming court bestowed only titles onto Arughtai and his mother, but did not give him the commercial privileges that he wanted.

[10] Arughtai became increasingly hostile and began attacking caravans at the northern trade routes to Ming China.

[14] The frustrating and unedifying situation caused the Yongle Emperor to shift his attention to mercilessly attacking and plundering three Uriankhai Mongol tribes who were not involved with Arughtai's hostilities.

[14] The plunders and attacks against any Mongols who found themselves in the path of Ming armies would be repeated in following campaigns.

[16] Some of the Ming commanders wanted to pursue Arughtai's forces, but the Yongle Emperor felt that he had overextended himself and pulled back his army.