Yugoslav Railways (Croatian: Jugoslavenske željeznice; Serbian: Jugoslovenske železnice, Југословенске железнице; Macedonian: Југословенски железници, romanized: Jugoslovenski železnici; Slovene: Jugoslovanske železnice), with standard acronym JŽ (ЈЖ in Cyrillic), was the state railway company of Yugoslavia, operational from the 1920s to the 1990s, with its final incarnation transferring to Serbia.

With the handover of the eastern territory of Trieste to Yugoslavia, about 100 km of railway network with one-way current (3 kV) became part of JDŽ.

Minister of Transport of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, Anton Korošec, employed a violent suppression of strikers and supporter rallies through military, gendarmerie, police and any other means necessary to make them return to work.

A peaceful demonstration of about 4,000 people on April 24 on Zaloška cesta in Ljubljana, which included women and children, ended up in 14 killed and up to 75 severely wounded in an open armed fire.

Working people on the Yugoslav railways celebrated this day solemnly and laboriously, recalling the many events of the growth and maturation of the workers' movement and everything that led to the historic general strike.

[6] Most of the mainline diesel locomotives were from GM-EMD with a substantial number of Brissonneau et Lotz designs (some licenses built by Đuro Đaković).

The railway also operated locomotives from the Lyudinov works, Soviet Union, ex-DB V60 shunters (Germany) and high power Krauss-Maffei ML 2200 C'C' type.

[6] Railcars, EMUs, and DMUs were sourced from Spain, Italy, Hungary, Germany and the Soviet Union from a variety of manufacturers.

At the moment, all locomotive-hauled passenger trains use former SJ coaches and, in the case of the InterCity, one carriage of Makedonski Železnici.