The district was formed after the division of Cieszyn Silesia on 28 July 1920, which split the town of Teschen/Cieszyn/Těšín into Cieszyn and Český Těšín as well as the preceding Teschen County originally formed in 1850 on the territory of Austrian Silesia.
Following the Munich Agreement, in November 1938 together with the Trans-Olza region it was annexed by Poland.
[1] The area was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II.
[2] The territory of the district was in large part inhabited by the Polish minority.
Český Těšín District covered the exact southern part of Trans-Olza area and Poles were proportionately more numerous there than in the newly gerrymandered Frýdek-Místek District, which also encompasses the ethnically pure Czech areas west of Trans-Olza.