1996 Andhra Pradesh cyclone

On 6 November, the cyclone struck about 50 km (31 mi) south of Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh at peak intensity.

On 30 October, a Pacific tropical depression crossed the Kra Isthmus into the Bay of Bengal, dissipating the next day over Myanmar.

A new area of convection, or thunderstorms, developed over the Andaman Sea on 1 November [3] The system was located within the monsoon trough, and a weak flow steered it slowly westward across the Bay of Bengal,[4] bringing it briefly over southwestern Myanmar.

After the convection organized more, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert at 07:30 UTC on 3 November.

At 12:00 UTC that day, the agency initiated advisories on the system, designating it Tropical Cyclone 07B about 645 km (401 mi) west of Yangon, Myanmar.

[5] Located beneath the axis of an upper-level ridge, the depression was able to intensify and organize more, with prominent outflow developing.

[5] At 06:00 UTC on the same day, the JTWC upgraded the storm to the equivalent of a minimal hurricane, estimating 1 minute winds of 120 km/h (75 mph).

At 04:00 UTC that day, an irregular eye formed in the middle of the central dense overcast, which quickly became more circular and distinct.

[5] At 06:00 UTC on 6 November, the JTWC estimated peak 1 minute winds of 215 km/h (135 mph), the equivalent of a Category 4 on the Saffir–Simpson scale, and a minimum barometric pressure of 927 mbar (27.4 inHg).

[6][3] The IMD assessed a much lower intensity, estimating 3 minute winds of 145 km/h (90 mph) based on a Dvorak rating of 4.5.

At 16:00 UTC on 6 November, the cyclone made landfall about 50 km (31 mi) south of Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh along the east coast of India.

[5] The IMD issued warnings related to the cyclone that were distributed to the public by television, telegraph, news outlets, and other government departments.

[12] The powerful cyclone brought intense winds, heavy rainfall, and high waves to Andhra Pradesh in eastern India.

The highest recorded sustained wind was 111 km/h (69 mph) by a ship at the Kakinada Port, only 50 km (31 mi) from the landfall location.

[13] Widespread areas of crop fields were inundated with floodwaters, washing away tons of rice, coconuts, and bananas.

[12] Flooding also washed out several railroads,[8] while damaged water drainage systems spewed sewage onto the streets.

[8] A ferry crossing the Godavari River sank amid rough waves, killing all 42 people on board.

[20] Later, the Indian government set up 742 relief centers housing 177,000 people,[15] utilizing schools and office buildings.

[citation needed] The Andhra Pradesh government coordinated with the Indian Red Cross Society to provide relief goods to the affected citizens, such as 75 kg (165 lb) of rice per family.

[26] Six helicopters worked continuously to airlift food, water, and medicine to storm victims,[27][8] although residents fought over the aid in poor areas.

[9] About 935 medical teams were established following the storm,[15] and chlorinated drinking tablets were distributed to purify water,[14] in an attempt to prevent a cholera outbreak.

[12] Andhra Pradesh's chief minister N. Chandrababu Naidu estimated that the state would take as long as 30 years to recover from the storm.

Power lines were improved to withstand winds of 200 km/h (120 mph), while drains were enlarged and a coastal plant system was created to lessen flooding.

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone , remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression
Satellite image and map of the cyclone approaching India