After long negotiations, a coalition was finally formed on 1 June between two populist parties, centrist Five Star Movement (M5S) and right-wing League, led by the M5S-linked independent Giuseppe Conte as Prime Minister.

[6][7][8][9] On 16 September, a few days from the investiture vote, in an interview with la Repubblica, former Prime Minister Matteo Renzi announced his intention to leave the PD, launching a new centrist and liberal party named Italia Viva (IV).

[14] Renzi called for radical changes to the government's economic recovery plans after the COVID-19 pandemic, and also demanded that Conte cede his mandate over the secret services coordination task.

There is a reason that in Italy we the highest number of deaths and an ever-collapsing GDP"[18] During a late-night Council of Ministers, Conte strongly criticised Renzi, stating that "Italia Viva has assumed the serious responsibility of opening a government crisis.

[36] On 28 January, President Mattarella met the delegations of For the Autonomies, Free and Equal and the new-born Europeanists, which confirmed their supports to Conte, as well as various MPs of the Mixed Group.

[39] On 29 January, high-ranking members of the centre-right coalition (a conservative alliance between the League (Lega), Brothers of Italy (FdI), Forza Italia (FI) and other minor parties) met with President Mattarella.

Matteo Salvini, leader of the League, asked for a snap election, but added that, under specific conditions, the centre-right could support a national unity government.

[40][41] Mattarella also spoke with interim leader of the Five Star Movement (M5S) Vito Crimi, who said he was open to grant of Matteo Renzi's requests in exchange for IV's support for new Conte-led Government.

[43] At the end of the consultations, Mattarella gave President of the Chamber of Deputies Roberto Fico the task of verifying whether a new Government, backef with the same majority of the previous one (that is, a coalition between M5S, PD, IV and LeU) could be formed.

[44] On the deadline day of 2 February, IV broke away from the majority due to disagreements on both platform and cabinet members; Fico consequently reported to Mattarella that an agreement had not been reached.

[45] Mattarella consequently decided to invite Mario Draghi for the next day at the Quirinal Palace with the intention to offer him the task to form a national unity technocratic government.