It operates S-300PS and S-300PT Missile defense systems and is subordinated to the Air Command East.

In January 1992, following the Dissolution of the Soviet union, the 148th Anti-aircraft Missile Brigade of the Soviet Army took an oath of loyalty to Ukraine and became the 302nd Anti-aircraft Missile Regiment in December 2002.

[3][4] On 23 August 2021, on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of Ukrainian independence, the regiment was given the honorary name "Kharkiv".

[7][8] In April 2022, a soldier of the brigade (Andriy Myroslavovych Osinskyi) was killed in a battle with Russians at an undisclosed location.

On 5 October 2022, the 302nd Anti-aircraft Missile Regiment "Kharkiv" shot down three Iranian-made HESA Shahed 136 Kamikaze UAVs.