Adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR) is an ester molecule formed into chains by the enzyme poly ADP ribose polymerase.

[1] ADPR is created from cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) by the CD38 enzyme using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a cofactor.

[1] ADPR binds to and activates the TRPM2 ion channel.

[4] Researchers are not sure how the Adenosine diphosphate reacts with the TRPM2 channel, but the ribose sugar may play a role in activating the TRPM2 ion channel.

[5] Researchers believe that co-targeting DNA-dependent protein kinase and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase-1 does not promote apoptosis or mitotic catastrophe of cancer cells after radiation.