Anchor bolt

[2] The connection can be made by a variety of different components: anchor bolts (also named fasteners), steel plates, or stiffeners.

[4] A common case of a non-structural element attached to a structural one is the connection between a facade system and a reinforced concrete wall.

Various typically disposable aids, mainly of plastic, are produced to secure and align cast-in-place anchors prior to concrete placement.

At failure conditions, the level of bearing pressure can be higher than 10 times the concrete compressive strength, if a pure tension force is transferred.

[3] Cast-in-place type anchors are also utilized in masonry applications, placed in wet mortar joints during the laying of brick and cast blocks (CMUs).

A special drilling operation allows to create a contact surface between the anchor head and the hole's wall where bearing stresses are exchanged.

Anchors can fail in different way when loaded in tension:[3] In design verification under ultimate limit state, codes prescribe to verify all the possible failure mechanisms.

[18] Anchors can fail in different way when loaded in shear:[3] In design verification under ultimate limit state, codes prescribe to verify all the possible failure mechanisms.

[18] When contemporarily tension and shear load are applied to an anchor the failure occurs earlier (at a less load-bearing capacity) with respect the un-coupled case.

[20] In order to increase the load-carrying capacity anchors are assembled in group, moreover this allow also to arrange a bending moment resisting connection.

For tension and shear load, the mechanical behavior is markedly influenced by (i) the spacing between the anchors and (ii) the possible difference in the applied forces.