He then followed his regiment West to join the Army of the Cumberland at Nashville, where he participated in the Battle of Stones River.

As a First Lieutenant, Taylor was awarded the Medal of Honor for his bravery at the Battle of Chickamauga, Georgia, on September 20, 1863.

Taylor later took part in the Siege of Knoxville, Sevierville, Dandridge and the battle of Mossy Creek.

On March 13, 1865, he was detailed acting Aide-de-Camp on the staff of Brevet Brigadier General William J. Palmer.

Anthony Taylor carried the dispatch from General Palmer that led to the capture of Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederacy.