Antonio Irineo Villarreal

After his release he fled to the United States where he joined, the anarchist Mexican Liberal Party (PLM) of Ricardo Flores Magón.

After the coup attempt and assassination of Madero by Victoriano Huerta in 1913 he returned to Mexico.

He took part in the Convention of Aguascalientes, and remained as one of the few neutrals there when Villa and Carranza together walked out.

Villarreal was then made governor of Nuevo León, where he had a number of progressive reforms.

A year later he joined the De la Huertaopstand, but that organisation was suppressed, and he was forced to leave the country again.