[10] As you get closer to Simanjiro, a flat area of gneiss, granite, and schist rock allows for water penetration to a reasonable depth, but the majority of the area is covered with clay soil, which is unproductive (has no natural fertility), and the soil retains water for a significant amount of time.

[11] The commerce, industries, small-scale agricultural, and tourism sectors are significant to Arusha City's economy.

The district is home to many international organizations as well including the East African legislative Assembly and World Vision country headquarters.

Olesha and Masama, located along the Themi River, as well as Engare-endolu in the Central Business District, are the water springs.

[14] In planned settlements around the city, septic tanks are used by 78% of all households, latrines by 8%, and traditional central sewerage systems by 14%.

Tanzania Breweries Ltd, Tanzania Pharmaceutical Industries [TPI], A to Z, (Treated mosquito net National Milling Corporation [Mills & Silos], Arusha Meat Company, Sunflag, CARMATEC, and ABB Tanalec are the key employers in Arusha City.

Entrepreneurial pursuits include everything from handicrafts to tourism-related businesses like tour operators and currency exchanges.

Additionally, there are financial institutions, an international conference center, a modern bus station, and retail and wholesale stores.

[24] Tanzania's northern region is home to the major local and international tourist destination of Arusha.

Additionally, it serves as a designated transit stop for travelers going to national parks and the Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain.

[25] Some attractions in the city are the Old German Boma, Cultural Heritage Souvenior Store, Arusha Declaration Museum, Souvenir and Batik Shops are all popular tourist destinations.

The Clock Tower and Goliondoi Street are home to Arusha's top craft stores.

[4] As of 2016; Themi, Elerai, and Suye are the three divisions of Arusha City, which is further divided into twenty-five (25) wards.

[29] The city is divided into thirteen (13) departments, including Human Resources and Administration, Planning, Statistics and Monitoring, Health, Finance and Trade, Primary and Secondary Education, Water, Agriculture and Cooperative, Livestock and Fishery, Land and Urban Planning, Community Development and Social Welfare, Engineering, Sanitation, and Environment.

The Arusha City Council has 154 primary schools in total, 48 of which are owned by the government and 106 of which are privately held.

There are 52 secondary schools in total, 26 of which are owned by the government and 26 of which are privately operated, according to the Arusha City Council.

Compared to the outlying rural wards, the central business district (SBD) has a higher concentration of medical facilities.

16 health centers, 60 dispensaries, 15 pharmacies, and 150 medical supply stores round out the city.

[32] Arusha District is home to the largest medical centres/hospitals in the region; One of the top 10 illnesses for both adults and children is an upper respiratory tract condition at 26% of all cases.

Arusah water has above WHO levels of fluoride leading to skeletal and dental flourosis which turns the teeth brown.

Since 1986, when the first instances were reported, the prevalence of HIV has continued to rise; by the end of 2016, it was 4.4% among VCT clients and blood donors, up from 4.1% in 2013, while it was 7% among pregnant women.

Eight VCT centers are now operated by the Arusha City Council, and three more facilities are planned for the 2016–2017 fiscal year.