Another cause of aspermia is ejaculatory duct obstruction, which may result in a complete lack or a very low-concentration of semen (oligospermia), in which the semen contains only the secretion of accessory prostate glands downstream to the orifice of the ejaculatory ducts.
[2][3][4][5] This can be the result of absence of puberty, in which the prostate gland and seminal vesicles (which are the main sources of semen) remain small due to lack of androgen exposure and do not produce seminal fluid, or of treatment for prostate cancer, such as maximal androgen blockade.
[6] It is important not to confuse aspermia with azoospermia, which is a pathological condition in which ejaculation occurs but no sperm are found in the semen.
The sperm remain in the urinary bladder, where they die due to the acidic environment of the urine.
To prevent this death of the sperm, oral bicarbonate is administered for a while, which bases the urine, so that the sperm are no longer exposed to such a hostile environment and could be collected from the urine to be used in IVF.