16, is a tone poem or program symphony for orchestra by Richard Strauss, described by the composer as a "symphonic fantasy".
It was inspired by the composer's visit to Italy (encouraged by Johannes Brahms) in the summer of the same year, where he travelled to Rome, Bologna, Naples, Sorrento, Salerno, and Capri.
The work is named by the composer as "Symphonic Fantasy", and is dedicated to his mentor Hans von Bülow.
Norman Del Mar's biography of the composer tells a different story: the first three movements were not well received, and the final was accorded booing and applause.
Aus Italien is more similar in form to a conventional symphony than Strauss's other tone poems in that it follows the traditional four-movement symphonic structure.