Baltic area runestones

The stones were carved in memory of a man who drowned in Holmr's sea, but runologists are divided on the meaning of the expression.

[5] ......ukok× inkiberIngebærg× eftiʀæftiʀ× buantaboanda× sinsinn.' hanHann' troknaþidrunknaði÷ aa' holmsHolms' hafihafi,' skreþskræið' knarknarr' hanshans' ii' kafkaf,þriʀþriʀ' eniʀæiniʀ' kamokvamu' afaf....

{} Hann {} drunknaði {} a {} Holms {} hafi, {} skræið {} knarr {} hans {} i {} kaf, þriʀ {} æiniʀ {} kvamu {} af."...

It was made by the runemaster Åsmund Kåresson in style Pr3-Pr4, and it was raised in memory of a man who died in Virland.

[rahnfriþr * lit rt stain þino ' aftiʀ biurno sun þaiʀa kitilmuntaʀ ' hon ' fil a urlati ' kuþ hialbi hons ant auk| |kuþs muþiʀ ' osmunr mar'kaþi runaʀ ritar]Ragnfriðr {} let retta stæin þenna {} æftiʀ Biorn, sun þæiʀa Kætilmundaʀ.

It contains the same message as U 346. ra(h)nfriþrRagnfriðr' litletrasaræisastainstæinþinoþenna' aftiʀæftiʀbiurnBiorn,* sunsunþaiʀaþæiʀa* kitilmun(t)aʀKætilmundaʀ.' kuþGuðmialbihialpihonshans(a)ntandauk|ok|kuþsGuðs(m)uþiʀmoðiʀ.honHannfilfellaauirlantiVirlandi.

* inEnosmuntrAsmundrmarkaþimarkaði.ra(h)nfriþr ' lit rasa stain þino ' aftiʀ biurn * sun þaiʀa * kitilmun(t)aʀ ' kuþ mialbi hons (a)nt auk| |kuþs (m)uþiʀ hon fil a uirlanti * in osmuntr markaþiRagnfriðr {} let ræisa stæin þenna {} æftiʀ Biorn, {} sun þæiʀa {} Kætilmundaʀ.

Johan Bureus, one of the first prominent Swedish runologists, visited Steninge on May 8, 1595, and made a drawing of the runestone which stood by the jetty.

[harlaif × auk × þurkarþr × litu × raisa × stain × þina at × sabi faþur sin × is| |sturþi × austr × skibi × maþ ikuari a/a| |askalat-/skalat-]Hærlæif {} ok {} Þorgærðr {} letu {} ræisa {} stæin {} þenna at {} Sæbiorn, faður sinn.

"Herleif and Þorgerðr had this stone raised in memory of Sæbjǫrn, their father, who steered a ship east with Ingvarr to Estonia(?)/Serkland(?).

[9] [biarnBiornhukok* ikulfriþIgulfrið: raisturæistu: stainstæin: aftʀæftiʀ: utrikOtrygg,: sunsun: sainsinn.* hanHann* uaʀvaʀ: tribindrepinn: oa* fin*lonti]Finnlandi.

The inscription was considered difficult to read, but it refers to a man who fell in Livonia, and possibly in an expedition led by Freygeirr.

: hermoþrHærmoðr: litlet: haguahaggva: atat: barkuiþBergvið/Barkvið,: bruþurbroður: sinsinn.: h[an]Hanntrukn-þidrunkn[a]ði: [a]alf:lantiLiflandi.

: : hermoþr : lit : hagua : at : barkuiþ : bruþur : sin : h[an] trukn-þi : [a] lf:lanti :{} Hærmoðr {} let {} haggva {} at {} Bergvið/Barkvið, {} broður {} sinn.

"This runestone in style Fp is found in Mervalla on the island of Selaön in lake Mälaren.

It is raised in memory of a man who regularly sailed a valuable knarr to Zemgale, passing Cape Kolka (Dómisnes).

North of the Cape there is a long underwater reef which probably was infamous among the sailors of the Viking Age, and this is probably why Sigríðr wanted posterity to know that her husband had often passed it.

[10] The expression dyrum knærri ("valued cargo-ship") is an instrumental dative and it also appears in a famous stanza by the Icelander Egill Skallagrímsson.

[10] Egill had written that his mother had promised him a fast ship so that he could sail with the Vikings and[10] siriþSigrið* litlet* resaræisa* stanstæin* [þin](a)þenna[*] (a)(t)at* suenSvæin,* sinsinn* [b]untabonda.

* h[n]Hann* uftoft* sikltsiglt* tiltil* simk(a)(l)(a)Sæimgala,* t(u)ru[m]dyrum* knariknærri,* umum* tumisnisDomisnæs.siriþ * lit * resa * stan * [þin](a) [*] (a)(t) * suen * sin * [b]unta * h[n] * uft * siklt * til * simk(a)(l)(a) * t(u)ru[m] * knari * um * tumisnisSigrið {} let {} ræisa {} stæin {} þenna {} at {} Svæin, {} sinn {} bonda.

[9][11] × brusiBrusilitletritarettas-...s[tæin...þenna][(a)]b--ʀæf[ti]ʀ(i)h(i)(l)Ægil,brurbroðursinsinn.: inEnh-nh[a]nnuarþvarðtauþrdauðraatafstalontiTafæistalandi,× þoþabrusiBrusifurþiførðilanklæiðang(?)lanslands' abtiʀæftiʀ[br](u)rbroðursinsinn.h(o)[n]Hannfurfor(m)iʀmeðrfraukiʀiFrøygæiʀi.kuþGuðhialbihialpihons|hans|salu|salu|uk|ok|kuþ(s)Guðs(m)(u)[þiʀmoðiʀ.'

suainSvæinn' ukokosmunrtAsmundr' þaiʀþæiʀmarkaþu]markaðu.+ × brusi lit rita s-... ... [(a)]b--ʀ (i)h(i)(l) brur sin : in h-n uarþ tauþr a tafstalonti × þo brusi furþi lank lans ' abtiʀ [br](u)r sin h(o)[n] fur (m)iʀ fraukiʀi kuþ hialbi hons| |salu| |uk| |kuþ(s) (m)(u)[þiʀ ' suain ' uk osmunrt ' þaiʀ markaþu] +{} Brusi let retta s[tæin þenna] æf[ti]ʀ Ægil, broður sinn.

kufiGufi: rsþiræisti: stinstæin: þesiþennsi: eftʀæftiʀ: ulafOlaf,: sunsun: sinsinn,* trkdræng* hrþaharða* kuþangoðan.* hnHann* uarþvarð* trbindrepinn* ii* estlatumÆistlandum.* hu(a)rþ(r)Havarðr(?

)* iukhiogg* s---s[tæin].kufi : rsþi : stin : þesi : eftʀ : ulaf : sun : sin * trk * hrþa * kuþan * hn * uarþ * trbin * i * estlatum * hu(a)rþ(r) * iuk * s---Gufi {} ræisti {} stæin {} þennsi {} æftiʀ {} Olaf, {} sun {} sinn, {} dræng {} harða {} goðan.

"Gufi raised this stone in memory of Ólafr, his son, a very good valiant man.

"This runestone, originally located in Sjonhems, tells of the same family as G 134 and G 136, and it was made in memory of a man who died in Vindau (Ventspils, Latvia).

[12] þinaÞenna: eftiræftiʀ: a(i)---Æi...: ---...: --rþ[va]rð: tauþrdauðr: aa: ui(t)auVindau/Vindö.: systriʀSystriʀ: [tuaʀ]tvaʀ...-ʀ...: bryþrbrøðr: þriaþria.: roþanþrHroðvaldr(?

): aukok: roþkutrHroðgautr,: roþarHroðarr: aukok: þorstainÞorstæinn,: þiʀþæiʀ: iʀueʀu: faþur:bryþrfaðurbrøðr.þina : eftir : a(i)--- : --- : --rþ : tauþr : a : ui(t)au : systriʀ : [tuaʀ] ...-ʀ : bryþr : þria : roþanþr : auk : roþkutr : roþar : auk : þorstain : þiʀ : iʀu : faþur:bryþrÞenna {} æftiʀ {} Æi... {} ... {} [va]rð {} dauðr {} a {} Vindau/Vindö.

si[h]trisSigtryggs(?): aruar[r]arfaʀ: lituletu: gieragæra: st[a]enstæinn: yfiryfiʀ: auþu-l-Auðv[a]l[d](?