After the death of Emir Abd ar-Rahman II in the year 852, the population in the area around Toledo rose in revolt as they had done on many previous occasions.

Hence, the people of Toledo rose in arms, seeking the assistance of the Kingdom of Asturias and Basques as is reported by Ibn Khaldun, quoting verbatim from Spanish-language chronicles of the tenth century: The people of Toledo asked for the help of the King of Galicia and the King of the Basques, who came to free them with the help of the city's men.

This resulted in the massacre of more than 8,000 souls, giving victory to the Muslim empire and crushing the rebellion of Toledo.

[1]The organized forces of Muhammad I were easily able to rout the town rabble and their Christian men at arms from Asturias and Navarre.

The rebellion, which was inspired by the Christian clergy and aided by the Muladi, was prolonged until the year 858 due to a continued desire for independence from Cordoba.