Bespopovtsy

Semi-Autonomous: Bespopovtsy (Russian: беспоповцы, IPA: [bʲɪspɐˈpoftsɨ], lit.

[1] Priestless Old Believers may have evolved into the first Spiritual Christians which were divided into various and diverse tribal sects including: Pomortsy, Fedoseyans, Filippians, Chasovennye, Beguny ("Runners"), Netovtsy/Netovshchina, and many others.

Others still believe in the existence of a priesthood, but happen to find themselves without priests.

Many such sects have historically received Nikonite priests that have publicly repented from the reforms of Patriarch Nikon.

In the 21st century, over 7,000 Old Believers live in the US,[2] with settlements in Oregon and Alaska.

Old Believers in Russian North. Late 19th - early 20th century