Beth Nahrain

This area roughly encompasses almost all of present-day Iraq, parts of southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, and, more recently, northeastern Syria.

[3] "Nahrainean" or "Nahrainian" is the anglicized name for "Nahrāyā" (Syriac: ܢܗܪܝܐ), which is the Aramaic equivalent of "Mesopotamian".

[4] The Aramaic name has been attested since the adoption of Old Aramaic as the lingua franca of the Neo Assyrian Empire in the 8th century BCE,[5] but the Greek name Mesopotamia was first coined in the 2nd century BCE by the historian Polybius during the Seleucid period[6] and introduced the misnomer that Beth Nahrain strictly referred to the "land between the rivers" rather than the "land of the rivers".

The name Bayn al-Nahrayn found in Arabic (بين النهرين, "between the two rivers") is a near literal translation of the word Mesopotamia where the Arabic suffix ان -ān (used to indicate that the noun is dual) introduced another misnomer that Beth Nahrain specifically referred to the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

Other prominent ethnic groups present in Beth Nahrain include Arabs, Armenians, Yazidis, Turkmen, Persians, Kurds and Turks.