Branching order of bacterial phyla (Rappe and Giovanoni, 2003)

There are several models of the Branching order of bacterial phyla, the most cited of these was proposed in 1987 paper by Carl Woese.

[1] This cladogram was later expanded by Rappé and Giovanoni in 2003 to include newly discovered phyla.

Aquificae Desulfurobacterium OP1 (Acetothermia) Dictyoglomus Coprothermobacter Thermotogae Thermodesulfobacteria Deinococcus-Thermus Chloroflexi TM7 (Saccharibacteria)

ABY1 (OD1-ABY1 of Parcubacteria) BD1-5 group (Gracilibacteria) WS6 (Dojkabacteria) OP11 (Microgenomates) Spirochaetes Caldiserica Synergistes Proteobacteria

Elusimicrobia Nitrospira Fibrobacteres Gemmatimonadates Bacteroidetes Chlorobi Caldithrix Marine group A (Marinimicrobia) NKB19 (Hydrogenedentes) WS3 (Latescibacteria) BRC1 (Sumerlaeota) Poribacteria[3] OP3 (Omnitrophica) Planctomycetes Chlamydiae Lentisphaerae Verrucomicrobia Fusobacteria Cyanobacteria OP9 (Atribacteria) Firmicutes