Teichoic acid

Teichoic acids are found within the cell wall of most Gram-positive bacteria such as species in the genera Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Clostridium, Corynebacterium, and Listeria, and appear to extend to the surface of the peptidoglycan layer.

[3] Variations come in the long chain tail, which generally include sugar subunits being attached to the sides or the body of the repeats.

[4] Lipoteichoic acids follow a similar pattern of putting most variation in the repeats, although the set of enzymes used are different, at least in the case of Type I LTA.

[5] The main function of teichoic acids is to provide flexibility to the cell-wall by attracting cations such as calcium and potassium.

Their roles are:[3] Following the synthesis, the ATP-binding cassette transporters (teichoic-acid-transporting ATPase) TarGH (P42953, P42954) flip the cytoplasmic complex to the external surface of the inner membrane.

[3] Due to the role of B. subtilis as the main model strain, some linked UniProt entries are in fact the "Tag" ortholog as they are better annotated.