Brazil competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland.

Brazil won its first gold medal since its debut at the 1920 Summer Olympics.

Adhemar Ferreira da Silva won the men's triple jump.

Tetsuo Okamoto became the first Brazilian swimmer to win an Olympic medal, the bronze at the men's 1500 metre freestyle.

Brazil had three male rowers participate in one out of seven rowing events in 1952.