Annular (ring) and accumulation (pile) structures made of broken stalagmites have been found 336 metres from the cave entrance.

[1] In a letter to Nature reporting the discovery in 2016, Jacques Jaubert and his co-authors state the structures are of anthropogenic origin, and as early Neanderthals were the only humans in the area at that time, they must have been the builders,[1] a conclusion that is accepted by Chris Stringer of the Natural History Museum in London.

Research stopped after the death of the lead archaeologist François Rouzaud and at that time it was unclear whether the structures could be attributed to the Neanderthals.

[1] Chris Stringer suggests that the cave may have provided a temporary refuge from arctic conditions, however, and evidence of occupation may be found under unexcavated sediments or later calcitic encrustations.

[2] Deep karst is a difficult environment, and before the discovery of Bruniquel, Neanderthal constructions in caves beyond the distance exposed to daylight, and thus requiring artificial lighting, were completely unknown.

[1] Stringer observes that: "this discovery provides clear evidence that Neanderthals had fully human capabilities in the planning and the construction of 'stone' structures".