Eggs hatch on the ground and develop into infective larvae in several weeks.

Larvae penetrate through the skin or are ingested and then migrate to the respiratory system, are coughed up and swallowed and finally reach the small intestine.

Skin involvement due to larvae penetration appears as lesions especially on the feet and limbs.

Analysis of faecal samples enables eggs to be found, or adults are visualised in the small intestine at necropsy.

Prophylactic anthelmintic treatment may help prevent the disease, as well as pasture management to avoid egg and larvae accumulation.